You define a single base node, as usual, then 25 copies of each of your alternate shapes, one suitably-named copy per hue (there's a helper function for this, by the way). These palettes are used when you need the "colorfacedir" mode, especially when you need to define a whole bunch of alternate shapes from your base node. This is the 197-color palette, which is actually supplied as a set of "cut up" palette images: each of the 24 hues above has its own file, with each file containing 8 shades of that hue, plus one more containing the 5 levels of greyscale. If you notice a warning about this palette not having exactly 256 pixels, ignore it. If you happen to examine the palette file, you'll notice several bright green pixels in one corner, so-colored to remind me (or you) that these are unused pixels that will be discarded by the engine. For an example of how this palette is used, see Stained Glass mod. This is the official "extended" palette, showing 240 colors, arranged as 24 hues with 10 brightness/saturation combinations for each, plus 16 greys. I got the names for the more esoteric colors from this site: In these palettes, there are a few special cases: pink is aliased to light red, brown is aliased to medium orange, and the recipe for dark orange differs from the standard formula. For the greys, the percentages shown are of brightness relative to pure white.
Note that the shades above "full" don't have (or need) this variation, since they're already lower-saturation by having been generated by brightening the full colors. In these images, the "-50%" markings on the left next to some shades mean 50% saturation for all hues in that shade line.
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